IPA Symbols for Chinese Consonants

This chart was adapted from from Wikipedia's article on Spelling in Gwoyeu Romatzyh. 
Three spellings are included: National Romanization (國羅), Bopomofo (注音), and IPA.

國羅+注音+IPA	Bilabial	Labio- dental	Alveolar		Retroflex		Alveolo- palatal		Velar
Plosive (stop)	b ㄅ [p]   p ㄆ [pʰ]		d ㄉ [t] t ㄊ [tʰ]						g ㄍ[k] kㄎ[kʰ]
Nasal	mㄇ [m]		nㄋ [n]
Lateral approximant			lㄌ [l]
Affricate			tz ㄗ [ts] ts ㄘ [tsʰ]		j ㄓ [tʂ] chㄔ [tʂʰ]		jㄐ[tɕ] chㄑ[tɕʰ]
Fricative		fㄈ [f] vㄪ [v]	sㄙ[s]		shㄕ [ʂ] rㄖ [ʐ ~ ɻ]		Shㄒ [ɕ]		Hㄏ [x]

Midterm Topics

The midterm will be based on the following topics in articulatory phonetics

(LF = Language Files 10)


LF p. 43-44: IPA symbols for English

p. 49: Sagittal Section

LF p. 53 Chart (6): Place and Manner of articulation

LF p. 55 Chart (1): Monophthongs of English

LF p. 55 Chart (3): Diphthongs of English

LF p. 89: do all of the pictures
If you're stuck, ask Sammy to help you

LF p. 91: #16, 18

DI & MONO (Linguistics Words): Diphthongs/Monophthongs & Ditransitives/Monotransitives (More Greek "2")

Don't worry! You don't need to remember all of these words. If you ever see them in a linguistics book, just remember di = 1 and mono = 2.

A diphthong is a double vowel (your tongue moves from one vowel position to another position). The vowel sounds in bye /baI/ and cow /kaʊ/ are diphthongs.

A monophthong is a pure vowel (your tongue stays in one place; it doesn't move to another position): The vowel sounds in hat /hæt/ and taught /tɔt/ are monophthongs. 


A ditransitive verb is a verb with two objects (Vnn), such as words that mean "give" (give, pay, sell, etc.)

	V	n	n
Please	give	me	a book
I’ll	pay	you	$5
He	sold	me	his car

A monotransitive verb is a verb with one object (Vn), such as attack, kill and eat.

	V	n
The army	attacked	the town
My cat	killed	three mice
I	ate	a chocolate cookie

If you see these long, difficult words in a book, you will probably be able to guess these words from context. Don't waste time memorizing them: even your teacher almost never uses them.

Dioxide, Diploma, Dilemma: DI Means "2" in Greek

Latin and Greek word roots can help you learn and remember difficult English words: dioxide, diploma, dilemma.

Remember "Mono?" Mono- means "one" in Greek. So how do you say "two" in Greek? Di = 2

Carbon dioxide is "better" than carbon monoxide, but they can both hurt you.
Read about carbon dioxide on Wikipedia in English or Chinese

CO2 (Carbon dioxide)

CO (Carbon monoxide)

 
 




Frozen carbon dioxide is called "dry ice."
Dry ice keeps ice cream cold.

Dry Ice (frozen CO2)

A little carbon dioxide can make you feel bad, but it won't kill you. More than 5% carbon dioxide is toxic (= it can kill you).

Too much carbon dioxide can hurt you in these places (the colors show you how much: red is the worst)

Carbon monoxide is different. Even a little carbon monoxide can kill you!

Click below to learn more about diploma and dilemma

"Mono" might lead to cancer

"Mono" was in the news last week. Mono, a disease which makes you feel tired (the "kissing disease"), is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. Doctors are not sure yet, but later in life, EB might also cause cancer:


人類皰疹病毒第四型EB（Epstein-Barr virus）病毒會引起鼻咽癌、淋巴癌等。


優活健康網 provides more information:
http://www.uho.com.tw/hotnews.asp?aid=12789&HN_Yr=0&HN_Mon=0

Mono- means "one" in Greek

There are several words in English which start with mono-. Mono- is a Greek prefix which means "one."

1 monosyllables 單音節 （名詞）, monosyllabic 單音節 （形容詞）
Most Chinese characters （漢字）are monosyllabic

2 monolingual people only speak one (mono-) language (lingu-)

3 A monarchy is a country ruled by a monarch. A monarch is a king or a queen. Denmark is a monarchy. A monarch often wears a "hat" like this one. This crown belongs to the Queen of Denmark (丹麥). (Mono --> Mon-) Mon- = one; arch = rule

Danish crown -- Sunfox's photostream (Flickr)

The president of the US should never ever (絕對從來都不可以) bow to any monarch. Barack Obama made history by bowing to the King of Saudi Arabia (YouTube video) at a meeting of world leaders. Look carefully: the President of France seems to be laughing at the President of the US. Thinking people are not proud of this leader.

President Obama (US) is bowing to the Saudi king and kissing his hand. Does the king respect Obama? What does President Sarkozy (France) think?

Phonetics Review game

I have created a Jeopardy game to help students review basic phonetics. The questions cover five areas: alphabets, romanization, vowels & consonants, and phonetic descriptions (articulatory phonetics). Easy questions count for 10 points each, and the most difficult questions give you 50 points.

Go here to play the game.

Phonetics Study Suggestion

Use large index cards as a study aid. 

Make one card for each group of sounds. Put a heading at the top of each card.

Draw two columns on each card, one narrow, one wide. In the left hand column, write the sound you want to review. In the right hand column, write a description (add notes if necessary). Here is a sample for velar sounds:

	velar sounds
/g/	voiced v. stop
/k/	voiceless v. stop
/x/	Voiceless v. fricative (= ㄏ)

To review, cover the left-hand column with a blank card, and cover all but the top row with another blank card. You will see “voiced velar stop.” Which sound is that? Write your answer (actually writing it is more effective) on a piece of scratch paper. Check yourself by moving the left hand card down a little bit to reveal the correct answer. Try it the other way as well: cover the right hand side, and try to remember the description by looking at the IPA symbol alone.

Place and Manner of Articulation

Here is another website to play with. The Interactive Sagittal Section shows consonant articulation using a simplified animated diagram.

http://homes.chass.utoronto.ca/~danhall/phonetics/sammy.html

Consonants: Place & Manner of Articulation

When we study phonetics, we talk about consonants and vowels.

To describe consonants, we talk about voicing, place and manner of articulation.
Voicing = do your vocal cords vibrate?
Place = where do you make the sound?
Manner = how do you make the sound?


The Flash Animation Project shows vowels and consonants very clearly.
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics

Go online and play with this website.